The purpose of this study is to provide a model for evaluating the flexibility between different components of the SUPPLY CHAIN. SUPPLY CHAIN flexibility is presented and its significance is examined. This is trailed by a survey of the flexibility literature. Next, devices for assessing flexibility are talking about: Decision analysis, decision trees, and real options. This paper analyzes how firms got to be get arranged against unsettling impact in their SUPPLY CHAIN and centers on how they can utilize real options to respect twofold sourcing procedures. As a presentation, it characterizes a common structure to assist chiefs with considering around store orchestrate interruptions and select adjusted systems. In the first place it sets up a general survey of the conceivable answers for overseeing chance interruptions. It centers on the specific approach of twofold sourcing and outlines that the real options thought may be a adjusted contraption to overview such a technique and builds up an instructive appear to look at and respect the focuses of intrigued of depending on twofold sourcing.

The advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditional channel structure by engaging in direct sales. In this paper, we present a dual channel inventory model based on queuing theory in a manufacturer-retailer SUPPLY CHAIN, consisting of a traditional retail channel and a direct channel which stocks are kept in both upper and lower echelon. The system receives stochastic demand from the both channel which each channel has an independent demand arrival rate. A lost-sales model which no backorder is allowed is supposed. The replenishment lead times are assumed independent exponential random variables for both warehouse and the retail store. Under the replenishment inventory policy, the inventory position is kept constant at a base-stock level. To analyze the CHAIN performance, an objective function included holding and lost sales costs is defined. At the end, a proposed algorithm named, Best Neighborhood (BN) is used to find a good solution for inventory and the results are compared with Simulated Annealing (SA) solutions.

Providing wider variety of products often leads to higher complexity in the manufacturing and business system. Finding appropriate methods and techniques to manage these difficulties is going to be an attractive topic for researchers in operations management. By adopting a qualitative approach we have investigated the product variety management in the apparel SUPPLY CHAIN. The main contributions of this research are as follow: (1) identification and assortment of dimensions of product variety in the apparel products, (2) developing variety reduction model along the apparel SUPPLY CHAIN, and (3) introducing a descriptive framework to fill the variety gaps, in different levels of decision making.

High amounts of waste paper are disposed of every year in Iran posing the health hazard and environmental damages instead of being recovered. Collection, recovery and proper disposal of waste paper without damaging the environment need to design an efficient closed-loop SUPPLY CHAIN network. The main objective of this paper is introducing a bi-objective, multi-echelon, multi-product and singleperiod logistics network design model in the paper industry while taking into the environmental issues. Alternative recovery options such as recycling with technology selection and energy recovery are considered simultaneously in this model. A life cycle assessment method ISO is utilized for quantifying the environmental impact along the closed-loop SUPPLY CHAIN. The model is applied to an illustrative case study of the paper industry in East Azerbaijan of Iran and fuzzy goal programming method is used for solving the proposed bi-objective network optimization model. Also, sensitivity analysis of the proposed model is performed designing different scenarios.

The current article examines the trends and performance of research on the types of effects of the COVID-19 epidemic and the different management strategies of perishable goods SUPPLY CHAIN disruptions during 2 years (2020-2022) using bibliometric and network analysis based on the data set from the Scopus database using VOSviewer software. The analysis designates that Kumar A. has been the most influential author in perishable goods SUPPLY CHAIN research during the COVID-19 pandemic, and India has contributed the most in this field. The most repeated keywords were resilience, food SUPPLY, and perishable food SUPPLY CHAIN. Citation analysis indicated that resilience and sustainability are the mainstream of research in articles with high citations. The network analysis also disclosed that resilience and sustainability are the key themes in the clusters. Furthermore, strategies for MANAGING disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic were extracted from the highly-cited articles, which are presented in this article.

One of the most important factors affecting the rate of damages and casualties during natural disasters is the existence of an effective crisis management system in which the volunteers are recognized as the main factor. In the present research, a multi-objective model has been introduced for allocating volunteers with different skills and different levels thereof to humanitarian affairs. The objectives of the model are to minimize total unfulfilled demands as well as increasing volunteers’ job satisfaction. Specifically, in this article the crisis zone has been divided into smaller groups; then the volunteers with different skills of different levels were allocated to them depending on each zone needs; in a way, that total degree of volunteers’ abilities in each group is more than the threshold specified by the decision-makers. Finally, the introduced model was solved by an LP-metric method and in order to assess the behavior of the model, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out on various parameters. The results show that volunteers must be assigned to affairs related to their skills, but to the extent that the total of unmet demands does not increase more than usual.

In recent years, distribution system of goods and services specifically in domestic CHAIN stores lack efficiency and effectiveness according to a developing economy and urban life. One of the best strategies to improve the CHAIN store's performance is SUPPLY CHAIN management (SCM). So this study tries to extend previous SCM approach by presenting a new framework.Relevant researches in this field; emphasized that new dimensions such as SUPPLY CHAIN institualization and integration, leadership, culture of competitiveness and knowledge acquisition besides of conventional aspect(such as processes, financial, etc)have positive impact in SUPPLY CHAIN performance.In other words this framework contain following steps. First we develop the new approach to calculate the weights of criterion of the SCM excellence model, then, we evaluate the casual relationship between these criterions. Finally we synthesize above mentioned steps to achieve SUPPLY CHAIN Critical Path Excellence (SCCPE).

Recently, achieving strategic SUPPLY CHAIN goals includes reducing costs and improving revenue and profitability, which, in turn, has attracted the attention of many researchers. Although the efforts have yielded successful practices, the prevalence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and its disorders has turned the attention other indicators. Therefore, factors including increasing higher level of access to the product, diversification of goods and services, increasing the flexibility for tackling uncertainties and improving adaptability and resilience in the SUPPLY CHAIN need more attention. Given healthcare research into Covid-19 vaccines seems to have acceptable results, much more attention needs to be paid to the SUPPLY CHAIN planning regarding the large scale of demand, SUPPLY, storage, and logistics components. In this study, special considerations including needs to phase out vaccination, prioritizing individuals, organization and coordination, communications, effective planning control, and track consignments are discussed. Finally, a framework for the main contents of the SUPPLY CHAIN of the Covid-19 vaccination program is proposed.